Opsychological disorder; the literature about auditory agnosia mostly consists of case studies. The lesions associated with this disorder usually are not especially constant as they could involve the temporal or temporo-parietal cortex (Vignolo, 1982; Fujii et al., 1990; Schnider et al., 1994; Engelien et al., 1995; Clarke et al., 2000, 2002; Saygin et al., 2003), subcortical McMMAF places (Kazui et al., 1990) such as the thalamus (Clarke et al., 2000) also as the putamen (Taniwaki et al., 2000), the right hemisphere (e.g., PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21368853 Vignolo, 1982; Fujii et al., 1990; Schnider et al., 1994; Clarke et al., 1996), the left hemisphere (e.g., Vignolo, 1982; Schnider et al., 1994; Clarke et al., 1996, 2000), and both hemispheres (Rosati et al., 1982; Vignolo, 1982; Mendez and Geehan, 1988; Engelien et al., 1995; Clarke et al., 1996; Nov osserand et al., 1998). Left hemisphere (and bilateral) lesions have a tendency to generate added deficits in verbal comprehension. Hence, so far no precise anatomical places have already been correlated with auditory agnosia (Lewis et al., 2004) and understanding of the brain regions and processing pathways that make up the nonverbal sound recognition technique is still fragmentary (Lewis et al., 2004) as a lot of regions have already been discovered to become involved in such processing. The network of regions involved in ES processing has been investigated also by functional imaging research (see, as an example, the ES processing model by Lewis et al., 2004). In distinct, activations in the posterior middle temporal gyrus (MTG) as well as places just like the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) (Lewis et al., 2004), which is anatomically connected with all the auditory cortex (Hackett et al., 1999; Romanski et al., 1999a,b; Romanski and Goldman-Rakic, 2002) have been reported. Places of activation were discovered inside the MTG as well as the precuneus bilaterally and within the posterior portion on the left IFG–activation within this region was higher for sound recognition vs. sound localization (Maeder et al., 2001). Moreover, activation is usually found inside the insula (Sharda and Singh, 2012), an area which has several direct connections together with the auditory cortex (Bamiou et al., 2003) and may bring about auditory agnosia if lesioned bilaterally (Engelien et al., 1995). Also the parahippocampal gyri (Sharda and Singh, 2012) can be activated by sound recognition, possibly reflecting the “imageability” of ES sounds (Engel et al., 2009). Lastly, sound activations had been discovered in various subcortical regions like the thalamus (Sharda and Singh, 2012)–which is a part of the auditory pathway–as properly as the caudate and putamen. Some studies suggested that activation is rather suitable lateralized, specially inside the (non-primary) auditory cortex for example the superior temporalgyrus (STG) (Bergerbest et al., 2004) along with the inferior prefrontal cortex (Bergerbest et al., 2004). A PET study (Zatorre et al., 1992) showed that cerebral blood flow (CBF) within the inferior prefrontal cortex is determined by the kind of cognitive operation involved in ES, see also (Specht and Reul, 2003). In a equivalent vein, some authors (Thierry et al., 2003) proposed that the connectivity towards the left lateralized semantic network is mostly right-sided for ES and left-sided for words. Other individuals (Specht and Reul, 
2003) argued that activation inside the appropriate STG and superior temporal sulcus (STS) plays the same critical role in the evaluation of non-speech sounds as does the left STS in speech perception (Specht and Reul, 2003). Final, Dick et al. (2007) located that language and ES st.
