Its efficiency will not be incredibly higher in line with the above Kresoxim-methyl Protocol analysis [31]. One of the most well-known CW laser will be the 50-watt FASOR in the Starfire Optical Variety [32]. On 30 May 2006, the experimental typical worth of your return photons was about 1.8 107 ph/m2 /s for the 40-watt FASOR, plus the zenith with the laser launch was 0 degrees. In addition, the angle on the laser beam and geomagnetic field vector was about 28 degrees, similar to the 30 degrees in Table 1. In addition, the column density of the sodium layer is almost as much as 4 1013 cm-2 , plus the atmospheric transmission is 0.91. In particular, the laser Reveromycin A Inhibitor linewidth is 1 104 Hz alternatively of 0 MHz. As a result, the typical spontaneous emission rates are extra than that in the 0 MHz linewidth laser.Therefore, in Table 2, the calculated value in the return photons for the 0 MHz linewidth laser with 40 W is fundamentally in line together with the actual predicament. Figure 11 L depicts the average spontaneous emission rates for the laser linewidth at v D = 0, 0.01, 1 MHz.L Figure 11. Typical spontaneous emission prices vs. intensity at v D = 0, 0.01, 1 MHz.L From Figure 11, a single can see that the average spontaneous emission rates at vD = 0.01 MHz L = 1 MHz for a laser intensity much more than 25 W/m2 . When the linewidth will be the identical as half at vD from the CW laser at the Starfire Optical Range is broadened to be 1 MHz, the return photons will increase about one particular instances. At Gemini North (Mauna Kea), the CW laser, which can be mono-mode, features a linewidth at ten MHz, and includes a zenith of 45 degrees, the return photons are simulated to be 2.22 106 ph/m2/s by an approximately ten W laser [33]. The column density in the sodium layer is merely 2 1013 cm-2 . If this parameter is taken as four 1013 cm-2 in Table 1, the calculated value is approximately four.44 106 ph/m2 /s. This result is relatively close to 5.36 106 ph/m2 /s in Table 2.5.3. Effects of Linewidth Broadening on Recoil of the Multi-Mode Laser The multi-mode CW laser which can be utilized to excite the sodium laser guide star has the benefit of a wide bandwidth. However, its efficiency just isn’t seemingly as fantastic as a single-mode laser [33].This laser has several centers of frequency. The expression with the laser intensity is [8] I (v D ) = I (0) exp -4 ln 2(vD /vb )two +kj=-kexp -4 ln two(vD – jv1 )2 /v2 ,(22)where j stands for the number of modes, k is definitely an integer, v1 is an interval of adjacent modes, v D will be the Doppler shift, I (v D ) = I (0) exp -4 ln two(v D /vb )2 would be the envelop curve, I (0) could be the peak energy, and vb is definitely the linewidth of envelop curve. v0 is definitely the mode linewidth.Atmosphere 2021, 12,14 ofTaking v1 = 150 MHz, k = 1, v0 = 104 Hz, and vb = 1 GHz results inside a laser spectrum with 3 modes as in Figure 12.Figure 12. A laser spectrum with 3 modes at v0 = 104 Hz. (The maximum value is normalized.)When the laser mode linewidth is broadened to become 60 MHz, the laser spectrum with 3 modes is shown as Figure 13. In light with the above simulated technique, at I = 150 W/m2 , we simulate linewidth broadening influences on recoil in Figure 14. Final results indicate that the linewidth broadening of 3 modes proficiently weakens the recoil peaks on the distribution of sodium atoms.Figure 13. A laser spectrum with three modes at v0 = 6 107 Hz. (The maximum value is normalized.)Figure 15 depicts the average spontaneous emission rates for the laser intensity from L 0 to 200 W/m2 at v0 = 104 Hz and 60 MHz for the three-mode laser and at D = 0 MHz for the mono-mode laser.Atmosphere 2021, 12,15 of(a) Laser linewid.
