Ation, (148,614 individuals) have been prescribed 1 potentially inappropriate medication, 77,923 (7.six ) have been prescribed two and 69,116 (6.eight ) had been prescribed three or a lot more.Prevalence of PIP in accordance with person STOPP criteriaIn order to investigate the potential effect of co-morbid conditions on PIP, we applied the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) for the CPRD data. The CCI is the most extensively studied morbidity index and its validity has been confirmed by comparison with other indices [23,24]. It has also been validated for application to longitudinal LPAR5 Antagonist custom synthesis databases [25]. The CCI takes account of both the number and severity with the comorbid circumstances.OutcomesThe most important outcome was the general prevalence of PIP in these aged 70 years in 2007 in the UK, in line with the complete set of 52 STOPP criteria and also the subset of 28 criteria. Secondary outcome measures had been: (i) the prevalence of PIP per person STOPP criterion, and (ii) the association among PIP, polypharmacy, CCI, gender, and age group.Table 2 describes the prevalence for each person STOPP criteria, listed by physiological program. By far the most typical concern of PIP was therapeutic duplication (121,668 patients 11.9 ), followed by use of aspirin with no history of coronary, COX-2 Modulator Purity & Documentation cerebral or peripheral vascular symptoms or occlusive arterial event (115,576 patients 11.3 ). Use of PPIs at maximum therapeutic dose for eight weeks (38,153 individuals, 3.7 ) was the third most common PIP, while alpha blockers with long-term urinary catheter in situ (31,226 individuals 3.1 ) was next. Lots of other criteria had a prevalence less than 0.5 . There was strong evidence of an association among PIP and polypharmacy. These receiving 4 or a lot more repeat medications have been 18 times far more probably to be exposed to PIP compared to these on 0? medicines (OR 18.two, 95 CI, 18.0-18.four, P 0.05). The odds of possessing a PIP was only slightly decrease in females in comparison with males when adjusting for other aspects (OR 0.9 95 CI 0.90.9, P 0.05). PIP was much less common in those aged 85 years and above in comparison to these aged 70?four yearsBradley et al. BMC Geriatrics 2014, 14:72 biomedcentral/1471-2318/14/Page four ofTable 1 Descriptive traits of the study population in CPRDPIP No PIP (n = 723,838) (n = 295,653) Gender -Male ( ) -Female ( ) -Missing ( ) Age (years) -70?4 ( ) -75?0 ( ) -81?5 ( ) – 85 ( ) Morbidities (Charlson morbidity index score) -1 ( ) -2 ( ) -3 ( ) Polypharmacy (four medicines) -Never ( ) -Ever ( ) Chronic Obructive Pulmonary Illness -No ( ) -Yes ( ) Peptic ulcer -No ( ) -Yes ( ) Diabetes -No ( ) -Yes ( ) Dementia -No ( ) -Yes ( ) Hypertension -No ( ) -Yes ( ) Osteoarthritis -No ( ) -Yes ( ) Heart failure -No ( ) -Yes ( ) Parkinsonism -No ( ) -Yes ( ) 290,071 (29.0) 709,721 (71.0) 5,582 (28.three) 14,117 (71.7) 292,294 (29.0) 715,868 (71.0) three,359 (29.7) 7,970 (70.four) 216,981 (26.5) 601,325 (73.five) 78,672 (39.1) 122,513 (60.9) 140,467 (21.1) 525,316 (78.9) 155,186 (43.9) 198,522 (56.1) 283,983 (28.five) 710,985 (71.five) 11,670 (47.6) 12,853 (52.four) 225,280 (27.3) 625,591 (72.7) 70,373 (41.7) 98,247 (58.3) 274,487 (28.9) 675,938 (71.1) 21,166 (30.7) 47,900 (69.four) 277,497 (28.2) 707,447 (71.eight) 18,156 (52.6) 16,391 (47.five) 114,816 (14.6) 669,572 (85.three) 180,837 (76.9) 54,266 (23.1) 189,864 (28.three) 481,983 (71.7) 52,365 (46.eight) 53,424 (22.7) 59,519 (53.2) 182,336 (77.three) 82,177 (37.4) 92,488 (37.six) 62,407 (33.1) 58,581 (18) 137,366 (62.6) 153,778 (62.4) 126,040 (66.9) 306,654 (84) 122,817 (28.7) 304,622 (71.3) 172,834 (29.2) 419,211 (70.
